Package-level function closures are very useful for creating generalized functionality which does not require a class (static methods) or instance of a class (instance methods).

Unlike static and instance methods package-level function closures are not associated with a class or instance of a class but rather with a package. There are no syntactical differences between package-level functions and static or instance methods.

Package-level functions are for the most part utility functions; for instance the flash.utils package contains a number of package-level functions, the most common of which are describeType(), getDefintionByName(), getTimer() and so forth.

Package-level function closures are created by defining a function directly inside the body of a package (where class and interfaces are defined), as can be seen in the following example:

Calling a package level function is straightforward, simply import the function just as you would a class or interface and then invoke the function directly…

Typically you will find that most functionality can be grouped to a Class or an instance object, however on occasion you may identify specific functionality which is common to packaged functionality as opposed to a specific object, and in these cases utilizing package-level functions is a great option.

At some point when developing an application with ActionScript 3 you may need to pass a …(rest) parameter to a subsequent function call, and although at first this may appear to be pretty straightforward, doing so will not produce the results one might expect.

For example, consider the following method doSomething which accepts a single …rest parameter:

Let’s say we also have another function we need to invoke called doSomethingElse which accepts a …(rest) parameter as well:

Now suppose we need to pass the ...(rest) parameter from the doSomething function to the doSomethingElse function. The result would be as follows:

So what went wrong? What happens is the original …rest parameter (passed to doSomething) is now being passed as a single parameter of type Array to the subsequent function (doSomethingElse), not as an Array of individual arguments as you may have expected.

This can easily be resolved by using Function.apply(); as can be seen in the following:

What we are doing is applying the call to the doSomethingElse function with the original rest parameter as if we were invoking the function directly. So keep this in mind should you ever need to pass a …rest parameter to a subsequent function.

With Income Tax Returns approaching, now is as good a time as ever for me to blog about IExpense Online (IEO).

IExpense Online is the creation of my friend and co-worker Michal Glowacki. It is one of those Flex apps that really showcases what can be accomplished in Adobe Flex with a little creativity and dedication.

Built entirely in Flex, Cairngorm, PHP and MySQL, IExpense is a Free Tool which allows users to intuitively and intelligently manage their expenses and make sound budgeting decisions. You can try it out by logging in as a guest or creating a free account.

So make the most of your tax returns and check out IExpense Online (IEO).

If you need to create sequence diagrams quickly and do not have the time to use the more traditional Software Modeling tools; Together, Enterprise Architect, Visio etc. you should take a look at www.websequencediagrams.com.

This handy little tool is pretty capable for a free web based utility and is very easy to use. It took me just seconds to create the simple sequence diagram below…

So the next time you need to create UML sequence diagrams in a hurry make sure to check out this very useful tool.